HD 80606 b is a highly eccentric (\(e \approx 0.93 \)) gas giant, roughly 4 times the mass of Jupiter, located 190 light-years away in Ursa Major. It is known for its extreme "star-skimming" 111-day orbit, where it plunges very close to its host star, causing atmospheric temperatures to surge from \(\sim 500^{\circ }\text{C}\) to over \(1,200^\circ\text{C}\) in just 6 hours.Key Characteristics of HD 80606 bDiscovery: Announced in 2001, discovered via radial velocity.Orbit: Highly elliptical, resembling a comet, with a 111.4-day period. It moves between 0.8 AU and 0.03 AU from its star.Mass & Radius: ~ 4.16 \(M_{J}\) (Jupiter masses) and \(\sim 1.03 \) \(R_{J}\) (radius).Host Star: HD 80606, a G-type star similar to our Sun, part of a binary system with HD 80607